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The Postern of St. Lazarus in Historical Events
The Venetian Fleet of 1269
The Postern of St. Lazarus appears in historical records during a moment of great alarm in 1269, when a large...
The Church of the Theotokos Hodegetria
One of the Holiest Shrines of Constantinople
Still further south of the Church of the Holy Saviour stood one of the most revered sanctuaries in...
The Eastern Boundary of Constantine the Great’s Palace
Determining the Limits of the Imperial Grounds
The identification of the Topoi also allows us to determine the eastern boundary of the palace grounds built...
Identifying the Gate of St. Romanus
Identifying the Gate of St. Romanus (Top Kapı)
Top Kapoussi (modern Top Kapı), located between the sixth and seventh towers north of the Fourth Military...
Identifying the Gate of the Red Faction
Identifying the Gate of the Red Faction (Porta Rhousiou)
The identification of this gate with the name of the Red Faction—Porta Rhousiou—is supported by two...
The Third Military Gate and Its Surroundings
The Third Military Gate is located a short distance north of the Gate of the Pege. It stands between the fourth and fifth towers...
Reconstruction of the Walls
Who Was in Charge?
The question of how long it took to rebuild the walls of Constantinople is not the only issue raised by the...
The Strength of Constantinople’s Walls
As an inscription on the fortifications of Constantinople proudly declared, the city’s walls were not just any walls—they were extraordinarily strong. The inscription, which...
A Natural Disaster and a Dangerous Time
The walls of Constantinople, though strong, soon suffered serious damage—not from an invading army, but from a powerful force of nature. In the year...
Renewed Activity of the Macedonian Committee
Despite past difficulties, the Macedonian Committee has renewed its efforts and is actively preparing for a possible uprising. In Bulgaria, their revolutionary work is...
