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The Fate of Arthur of Brittany
Arthur of Brittany, the young grandson of Henry II, played a central role in the political struggles of the late 12th century. For a...
Continuity of English Rule
Despite revolts and local unrest, Aquitaine remained attached to the English crown. Even after the loss of Normandy, which had been part of the...
Sirventets Poetry as a Political Tool
In medieval Aquitaine, culture and politics were closely linked, often in surprising ways. One of the most important examples was the sirventet, a type...
“I Stand at the Door and Knock” (Revelation 3:14–22)
In the Book of Revelation, we read these famous words: “Behold, I stand at the door and knock. If anyone hears my voice and...
From Prosperity to Decline
After the Roman and Byzantine periods, Laodicea slowly lost its importance. The city became a battleground between different powers. Byzantine armies fought to defend...
Trade Water and Growth
Although Laodicea did not receive as much financial support from Roman emperors as some of the rival coastal cities, it still became rich and...
The Promise to the Victor
At the end of the letter to the church in Thyateira, St John records a powerful promise made by Christ:
“To the one who is...
St Paul’s Journey to Macedonia
In the Acts of the Apostles (16:11–15), we read about an important moment in the spread of Christianity from Asia Minor to Europe. St...
The Monumental Portico and the Colonnaded Street
The second important group of ruins discovered in ancient Thyateira belongs to a monumental portico, which served as a grand entrance to a public...
The Church of the Prophet Samuel at the Hebdomon
Another important sanctuary at the Hebdomon was the church built by Emperor Arcadius in the year 407 to house the reputed remains of the...














